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Protecting Your Organisation from Physical and Environmental Threats

Threats to information assets are not merely digital: An organisation’s critical physical infrastructure hosting information assets are also exposed to environmental and physical threats that may result in loss, destruction, theft and compromise of information assets and sensitive data.

These threats may include natural events such as earthquakes, floods and wildfires. They may also include man-made disasters such as civil unrest and criminal activities.

Control 7.5 addresses how organisations can assess, identify and mitigate risks to critical physical infrastructure due to physical and environmental threats.

Purpose of Control 7.5

Control 7.5 enables organisations to measure the potential adverse effects of environmental and physical threats and to mitigate and/or eliminate these effects by putting in place appropriate measures.

Attributes Table of Control 7.5

Control 7.5 is a preventive type of control that requires organisations to eliminate and/or mitigate the consequences that are likely to arise out of external risks such as natural disasters and man-made incidents.

Control Type Information Security Properties Cybersecurity Concepts Operational Capabilities Security Domains
#Preventive #Confidentiality #Protect #Physical Security #Protection
#Integrity
#Availability

Ownership of Control 7.5

Control 7.5 requires organisations to carry out an in-depth risk assessment before beginning any operations on a physical premise and to implement necessary measures commensurate with the level of risk identified.

Chief security officers therefore, should be accountable for creation, management, implementation and review of the entire process.




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General Guidance on Compliance

Control 7.5 specifies a three-step process to identify and eliminate risks due to physical and environment threats:

  • Step 1: Complete a Risk assessment

Organisations should conduct a risk assessment to identify potential physical and environmental disasters that may occur on each specific physical premise and then measure the effects likely to arise due to the identified physical and environmental threats.

Considering that each physical premise and infrastructure therein will be subject to different environmental conditions and physical risk factors, the type of threat and the level of risk identified will vary by each premise and its location.

For instance, while one premise may be most vulnerable to wildfire, another premise may be located in an area where earthquakes occur frequently.

Another critical requirement set forth by the control 7.5 is that this risk assessment should be carried out before launch of operations on a physical premise.

  • Step 2: Identify and Implement Controls

Based on the type of threat and the level of risk identified in the first step, organisations should put in place appropriate controls taking into account the likely consequences of the environmental and physical threats.

To illustrate, Control 7.5 provides examples of controls that can be put in place for the following threats:

Fire: Organisations should deploy systems to trigger alarms when a fire is detected or to activate fire suppression systems capable of protecting storage media and information systems from damage.

Flooding: Systems should be deployed and configured to detect flooding in areas where information assets are stored. Furthermore, tools such as water pumps should be ready to be used in case of flooding.

Electrical Surges: Servers and critical information management systems should be maintained and protected against electrical outages.

Explosives and Weapons: Organisations should carry out random audits and inspections on all individuals, items and vehicles entering into premises that hosts critical infrastructure.

  • Step 3: Monitoring

Considering that the type of threats and the level of risks may change over time, organisations should continuously monitor the risk assessments and reconsider the controls they implemented if needed.

Supplementary Guidance

Control 7.5 lists four specific considerations that organisations should take into account.

Consultation With Experts

Each specific type of environmental and physical threat, whether it is toxic waste, earthquake or fire, is unique in terms of its nature, the risks it presents and counter-measures it requires.

Therefore, organisations should seek for expert advice on how to identify eliminate and/or mitigate risks arising out of these threats.

Choice of Location for Premises

Taking into account the local topography, water levels and tectonic movements of the potential location for premises can help identify and eliminate risks early on.

Furthermore, organisations should consider the risks of man-made disasters in the chosen urban area such as political unrest and criminal activity.

Extra Layer of Security

In addition to the specific controls implemented, secure information storage methods such as safes can add an extra layer of security against diasters such as fire and flooding.

Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design

Control 7.5 recommends that organisations consider this concept when implementing controls to enhance the security of premises. This method can be used to eliminate urban threats such as criminal activities, civil unrest and terrorism.




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Changes and Differences From ISO 27002:2013

27002:2022/7.5 replaces 27002:2013/(11.1.4)

Whereas the the 2013 version addressed how organisations should put in place appropriate preventive measures against physical and environmental threats, the 2022 version is much more comprehensive in terms of specific compliance steps organisations should take.

Overall, there are two key differences:

  • 2022 version provides guidance on compliance

The 2013 version did not encompass any guidance on how organisations should identify and eliminate risks due to environmental and physical threats.

The 2022 version, in contract, describes a three-step process organisations should follow, including carrying out a risk assessment.

  • 2022 version recommends organisations consider implementing extra layer of measures

In the supplementary guidance, the 2022 version refers to measures such as use of safes and crime prevention through environmental design concepts that can be utilised to enhance protection against threats.

The 2013 version, on the other hand, did not address such additional measures.

New ISO 27002 Controls

New Controls
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control Identifier ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Control Identifier Control Name
5.7 NEW Threat intelligence
5.23 NEW Information security for use of cloud services
5.30 NEW ICT readiness for business continuity
7.4 NEW Physical security monitoring
8.9 NEW Configuration management
8.10 NEW Information deletion
8.11 NEW Data masking
8.12 NEW Data leakage prevention
8.16 NEW Monitoring activities
8.23 NEW Web filtering
8.28 NEW Secure coding
Organisational Controls
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control Identifier ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Control Identifier Control Name
5.1 05.1.1, 05.1.2 Policies for information security
5.2 06.1.1 Information security roles and responsibilities
5.3 06.1.2 Segregation of duties
5.4 07.2.1 Management responsibilities
5.5 06.1.3 Contact with authorities
5.6 06.1.4 Contact with special interest groups
5.7 NEW Threat intelligence
5.8 06.1.5, 14.1.1 Information security in project management
5.9 08.1.1, 08.1.2 Inventory of information and other associated assets
5.10 08.1.3, 08.2.3 Acceptable use of information and other associated assets
5.11 08.1.4 Return of assets
5.12 08.2.1 Classification of information
5.13 08.2.2 Labelling of information
5.14 13.2.1, 13.2.2, 13.2.3 Information transfer
5.15 09.1.1, 09.1.2 Access control
5.16 09.2.1 Identity management
5.17 09.2.4, 09.3.1, 09.4.3 Authentication information
5.18 09.2.2, 09.2.5, 09.2.6 Access rights
5.19 15.1.1 Information security in supplier relationships
5.20 15.1.2 Addressing information security within supplier agreements
5.21 15.1.3 Managing information security in the ICT supply chain
5.22 15.2.1, 15.2.2 Monitoring, review and change management of supplier services
5.23 NEW Information security for use of cloud services
5.24 16.1.1 Information security incident management planning and preparation
5.25 16.1.4 Assessment and decision on information security events
5.26 16.1.5 Response to information security incidents
5.27 16.1.6 Learning from information security incidents
5.28 16.1.7 Collection of evidence
5.29 17.1.1, 17.1.2, 17.1.3 Information security during disruption
5.30 5.30 ICT readiness for business continuity
5.31 18.1.1, 18.1.5 Legal, statutory, regulatory and contractual requirements
5.32 18.1.2 Intellectual property rights
5.33 18.1.3 Protection of records
5.34 18.1.4 Privacy and protection of PII
5.35 18.2.1 Independent review of information security
5.36 18.2.2, 18.2.3 Compliance with policies, rules and standards for information security
5.37 12.1.1 Documented operating procedures
People Controls
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control Identifier ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Control Identifier Control Name
6.1 07.1.1 Screening
6.2 07.1.2 Terms and conditions of employment
6.3 07.2.2 Information security awareness, education and training
6.4 07.2.3 Disciplinary process
6.5 07.3.1 Responsibilities after termination or change of employment
6.6 13.2.4 Confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements
6.7 06.2.2 Remote working
6.8 16.1.2, 16.1.3 Information security event reporting
Physical Controls
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control Identifier ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Control Identifier Control Name
7.1 11.1.1 Physical security perimeters
7.2 11.1.2, 11.1.6 Physical entry
7.3 11.1.3 Securing offices, rooms and facilities
7.4 NEW Physical security monitoring
7.5 11.1.4 Protecting against physical and environmental threats
7.6 11.1.5 Working in secure areas
7.7 11.2.9 Clear desk and clear screen
7.8 11.2.1 Equipment siting and protection
7.9 11.2.6 Security of assets off-premises
7.10 08.3.1, 08.3.2, 08.3.3, 11.2.5 Storage media
7.11 11.2.2 Supporting utilities
7.12 11.2.3 Cabling security
7.13 11.2.4 Equipment maintenance
7.14 11.2.7 Secure disposal or re-use of equipment
Technological Controls
ISO/IEC 27002:2022 Control Identifier ISO/IEC 27002:2013 Control Identifier Control Name
8.1 06.2.1, 11.2.8 User endpoint devices
8.2 09.2.3 Privileged access rights
8.3 09.4.1 Information access restriction
8.4 09.4.5 Access to source code
8.5 09.4.2 Secure authentication
8.6 12.1.3 Capacity management
8.7 12.2.1 Protection against malware
8.8 12.6.1, 18.2.3 Management of technical vulnerabilities
8.9 NEW Configuration management
8.10 NEW Information deletion
8.11 NEW Data masking
8.12 NEW Data leakage prevention
8.13 12.3.1 Information backup
8.14 17.2.1 Redundancy of information processing facilities
8.15 12.4.1, 12.4.2, 12.4.3 Logging
8.16 NEW Monitoring activities
8.17 12.4.4 Clock synchronization
8.18 09.4.4 Use of privileged utility programs
8.19 12.5.1, 12.6.2 Installation of software on operational systems
8.20 13.1.1 Networks security
8.21 13.1.2 Security of network services
8.22 13.1.3 Segregation of networks
8.23 NEW Web filtering
8.24 10.1.1, 10.1.2 Use of cryptography
8.25 14.2.1 Secure development life cycle
8.26 14.1.2, 14.1.3 Application security requirements
8.27 14.2.5 Secure system architecture and engineering principles
8.28 NEW Secure coding
8.29 14.2.8, 14.2.9 Security testing in development and acceptance
8.30 14.2.7 Outsourced development
8.31 12.1.4, 14.2.6 Separation of development, test and production environments
8.32 12.1.2, 14.2.2, 14.2.3, 14.2.4 Change management
8.33 14.3.1 Test information
8.34 12.7.1 Protection of information systems during audit testing

How ISMS.online Helps

The ISMS.online platform provides a range of powerful tools that simplify the way you can document, implement, maintain and improve your information security management system (ISMS) and achieve compliance with ISO 27002.

The comprehensive package of tools gives you one central place where you can create a bespoke set of policies and procedures that align with your organisation’s specific risks and needs.

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Sam Peters

Sam is Chief Product Officer at ISMS.online and leads the development on all product features and functionality. Sam is an expert in many areas of compliance and works with clients on any bespoke or large-scale projects.

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